Yuav ua li cas rho tawm Nicotine los ntawm cov luam yeeb?
Apr 18, 2025
Tso lus
Nicotine yog cov alkaloid pom feem ntau hauv cov nroj tsuag luam yeeb (nicotiana tabacum) thiab yog paub rau nws lub zog muaj zog. Nws yog cov khoom siv ntxiv rau hauv cov khoom lag luam luam yeeb thiab tau dhau los ua cov khoom lag luam nicotine xws li E-luam yeeb, nicotine thaj, thiab lwm yam kev haus luam yeeb.
Nrog rau kev loj hlob sai ntawm cov tshuaj lag luam thiab e-luam yeeb kev lag luam, qhov kev thov kom muaj kev lim hiam tau loj tuaj. Nicotine cov khoom lag luam tsis muaj kev haus luam yeeb ntxiv, tab sis kuj tau nthuav dav rau kev kho cov ntawv thov kho thiab kev tshawb fawb kev kawm. Yog li, nkag siab cov kev rho tawm ntawm cov nroj tsuag haus luam yeeb yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov neeg xa khoom thiab cov chaw tsim khoom. Cov ntawv no tshawb nrhiav cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb rau kev rho tawm nicotine los ntawm kev haus luam yeeb, hais txog nws txoj kev ua tau zoo, muaj kev nyab xeeb, thiab thev taus.
Nicotine faib rau hauv cov neeg haus luam yeeb
Nicotine yog synthesized nyob rau hauv cov keeb kwm ntawm cov nroj tsuag haus luam yeeb thiab tsuas yog sau rau hauv nplooj, uas yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb rau kev rho tawm ntawm cov khoom noj nicotine extraction. Ntawm txhua feem ntawm cov nroj tsuag, nplooj muaj qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm nicotine concentration thiab yog li no kev lag luam thiab cov khoom siv tau zoo rau kev tsim cov nicotine cov khoom lag luam.
Nicotine cov ntsiab lus sib txawv ntawm ntau yam haus luam yeeb ntau yam. Piv txwv li, dogacco daj (nicotiana xeb) feem ntau muaj cov ntsiab lus nicotine ntau dua li dawb haus luam yeeb (nicotiana tabacum). Ib qho ntxiv, ib puag ncig hom xws li hom av, huab cua, thiab lub sijhawm sau kuj tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau qhov kawg alkaloid kev xav.
Nicotine hauv cov neeg haus luam yeeb muaj nyob hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub hauv paus dawb (alkaline) thiab ntsev. Daim Ntawv Pub Dawb yog ntau dua cov neeg sib txawv thiab ntau dua cov khoom siv roj ntsha thiab ntau dua cov khoom siv, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev thov cov khoom lag luam nicotine xws li cov roj luam e-luam yeeb. Qhov sib piv ntawm ob daim ntawv no cuam tshuam cov kev rho tawm, uas yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab thaum xaiv txoj kev rho tawm kom tsim nyog.
Cov hau kev tseem ceeb rau nicotine extraction
Cov kuab tshuaj ntxiv yog ib qho kev coj ua thiab dav siv txoj kev rau kev rho tawm nicotine los ntawm cov nplooj luam yeeb. Feem ntau siv cov kuab tshuaj suav nrog dej, ethan me, thiab ether.
Cov Txheej Txheem Yooj Yim suav nrog:
Kub soaking (Kub Txoj kev lis ntshav):Accelerates extraction los ntawm tshav kub.
Txias ntxuav:Khaws cia cov cua sov-rhiab.
Reflux Extraction:Siv kev npau npau txuas ntxiv thiab hws kom nce tawm los.
Txawm hais tias hom no yooj yim thiab yooj yim rau siv thiab haum rau kev kuaj, nws kuj muaj kev txwv. Cov teeb tsa seem, kev xaiv qis, thiab cov teeb meem ib puag ncig ua rau nws tsim nyog rau cov khoom lag luam zoo ntawm cov khoom lag luam zoo.
Nov yog txoj kev feem ntau rau kev rho tawm nicotine ntawm kev lag luam nplai:
Kauj ruam 1: Alkalization
Cov nplooj luam yeeb qhuav thiab av haus luam yeeb raug kho (xws li sodium hydroxide) kom hloov cov ntawv pub dawb, ua kom muaj solubility hauv cov txheej txheem organic.
Kauj ruam 2: Organic Scolent Extraction
Etaws lossis Hexane tau siv los rho tawm lub hauv paus tshiab nicotine. Cov kev tsis yog-polarmolents tau tshem tawm nicotine thaum tawm tom qab polar cog cov khoom seem.
Kauj ruam 3: Acidification thiab Purification
Lub nicotine muaj cov kuab tshuaj theem yog tom qab acidified (feem ntau nrog sulfuric acid lossis hydrochloric acid) kom precumitic impurities thiab cais tawm nicotine.
Kev siv cov kua dej ua kua rau cov pa roj teeb siv cov pa roj carbon dioxide yog cov qauv niaj hnub, ib puag ncig phooj ywg uas tau dhau los ua cov npe nrov nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los no.
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus:Nyob rau hauv kev kub siab thiab muaj qhov kub thiab txias thiab pa roj carbon dioxide dhau los ua cov kua dej supercritical uas coj zoo li ob qho tib si roj thiab kua. Nws muaj peev xwm tuaj yeem nkag rau cov khoom cog ntoo thiab ua rau nicotized tsis muaj kev siv cov kuab tshuaj lom.
Cov xwm txheej:Kev nthuav dav lub sijhawm yog 31-35 degree thiab 100-300 bar siab.
Qhov Zoo:Tsis muaj kev xaiv tsa cov kuab tshuaj, xaiv cov kev tawm tswv yim, cov kev tawm tsam siab tsim nyog rau cov khoom lag luam nicotine
Tsis hais qhov kev rho tawm cov txheej txheem siv, qhov tshwm sim kev ua kom huv yog yuav tsum ua kom tiav cov qauv ntawm nicotine.
Distillation:Feem ntau nqa tawm hauv qab kev txo qis kom tsis txhob nicotine teeb meem.
Ua kom muaj cov pa roj carbon pom:Tshem tawm cov xim, tsw thiab qee yam tsis txaus ntseeg.
Recrystallization los yog chromatography:Siv rau kev lom zem ntawm nicotine, tshwj xeeb rau kev lag luam kws tshuaj. Cov hau kev no tuaj yeem cais cov feem ntau thiab tshem cov kab mob uas tsis muaj kab.
Txhua kauj ruam lim dej txhim kho kev ua tau zoo thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom lag luam nicotine, ua kom cov kev cai coj ua tau zoo sib xws thiab sib tham.
Kev Nyab Xeeb Kev Nyab Xeeb thiab Kev Txiav Txim Siab
Nicotine yog cov tshuaj lom tau zoo thiab raug rau sab nrauv thoob plaws cov txheej txheem rho tawm yog qhov tseem ceeb.
TOXICITY:Nicotine tuaj yeem nqus tau los ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab cov plaub hau nyias nyias, cov npe ntawm cov kev pheej hmoo mob nkeeg loj thaum lub sijhawm rho tawm.
Flammability:Organic kuab tshuaj xws li ether thiab hexane yog cov nplaim taws heev thiab yuav tsum tau tawg-ua pov thawj khoom thiab dim pa.
Khib Tswj:Cov kuab tshuaj seem thiab cov khib nyiab yuav tsum tau daws thiab pov tseg raws li cov kev cai ib puag ncig.
Kev tiv thaiv kev ntsuas:Cov neeg ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau siv hnab looj tes, hnab looj tes, kab ke (lab), thiab fume hoods kom txo qis kev phom sij.
Kev ruaj ntseg tsis yog tiv thaiv cov neeg ua haujlwm, tab sis kuj tseem txhim kho kev ntseeg tau thiab muaj kev tsim khoom lag luam ntawm nicotine khoom lag luam.
Kev rho tawm nicotine los ntawm cov luam yeeb yog qhov paub tab thiab cog qoob loo. Los ntawm cov kuab hnyav rho tawm rau kev tshaj lij ntsuab thev naus laus zis xws li cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb hauv kev ua cov khoom lag luam zoo ntawm cov khoom lag luam zoo.
Xa kev nug